Sex disparities in outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation- a multi-year propensity-matched nationwide study

Manoj Kumar, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
Jiun-Ruey Hu, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Shafaqat Ali, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Yehya Khlidj, Department of Medicine, University of Algiers 1, Algiers, Algeria.
Prakash Upreti, Rochester Regional HealthFollow
Lalit Ati, Sparrow Hospital, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
Sanjay Kumar, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health + Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA.
Hafeez Shaka, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
Shengnan Zheng, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
Ju Young Bae, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA.
M Chadi Alraies, Cardiovascular Institute, Detroit Medical Center, DMC Heart Hospital, 311 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Benjamin Mba, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Neha Yadav, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
Amit N. Vora, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Carlos D. Davila, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA.

Department

Medicine

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

International Journal of Cardiology

Abstract

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) has revolutionized the management of severe aortic stenosis (AS), but the impact of sex on TAVI outcomes remains unclear. In this study, we examined differences between men and women in the post-procedural outcomes of TAVI, including healthcare burden and readmission rates. The Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2020) was utilized to identify hospitalizations for TAVI. A propensity score matching (PSM) model was used to match males and females. Outcomes were examined using Pearson's chi-squared test. Among 320,324 hospitalizations for TAVI, 142,054 (44.3 %) procedures were performed in women. After propensity matching (N = 165,894 with 82,947 hospitalizations in each group), women had higher in-hospital mortality (2.48 % vs 2.11 %, p: 0.001), stroke (2.14 % vs 1.49 %, p < 0.001), post-procedural bleeding (2.34 % vs 1.72 %, p < 0.001), vascular complications (1.2 % vs 0.7 %, p < 0.001), pericardial complications (1.13 % vs 0.60 %, p < 0.001), acute respiratory failure (ARF) (5.10 % vs 4.63 %, p < 0.001), need for transfusion (7 % vs 5.56 %, p < 0.001), need for vasopressors (2.48 % vs 2.11 %, p < 0.001) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (7.53 % vs 6.85 %, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, women had modestly lower incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) (10.17 % vs 11.88 %, p < 0.001), sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) (0.96 % vs 1.06 %, p: 0.042), cardiogenic shock (1.69 % vs 2.05 %, p < 0.001) and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) requirement (0.69 % vs 0.84 %, p < 0.001). With regard to readmissions, men had higher readmission rates at 30 days (16.07 % vs 14.75 %, p < 0.001) and 90 days (23.8 % vs 21.9 %, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in 180-day readmission rates between men and women after TAVI. Notably, procedure-related mortality decreased for both sexes from 2016 to 2020, accompanied by faster recovery times and reduced hospitalization costs (p-trend < 0.001). In conclusion, women had higher mortality and post-procedural complication rates, while men had higher readmission rates, cardiogenic shock, AKI and need for mechanical circulatory support. While procedure-related mortality and resource utilization for TAVI have improved over time from 2016 to 2020, irrespective of sex, our findings highlight that significant disparities exist in TAVI outcomes.

First Page

132619

DOI

10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132619

Volume

418

Publication Date

1-1-2025

Medical Subject Headings

Humans; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (trends, adverse effects, mortality); Female; Male; Propensity Score; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Valve Stenosis (surgery, mortality); Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Complications (epidemiology); Hospital Mortality (trends); Sex Factors; Retrospective Studies; United States (epidemiology)

PubMed ID

39370048

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