Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccination: Antibody Persistence and Revaccination

Department

Infectious Diseases

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial respiratory disease. Bivalent RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine is licensed in ≥ 60-year-olds. RSVpreF was well tolerated and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 study. We evaluated antibody persistence after initial vaccination and safety and immunogenicity after revaccination from this study.

METHODS: Healthy adults were randomized to receive initial vaccination and revaccination 12 months later with either placebo or RSVpreF (240 µg with or without aluminum hydroxide). RSV-A and RSV-B geometric mean neutralizing titers (GMTs) were measured through 12 months after both vaccinations. Tolerability and safety were assessed.

RESULTS: There were 263 participants revaccinated (18-49 years old, n = 134; 65-85 years old, n = 129). Among 18- to 49-year-olds and 65- to 85-year-olds, geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) for both RSV subgroups (RSV-A, RSV-B) 1 month after initial RSVpreF vaccination were 13.3 to 20.4 and 8.9 to 15.5, respectively, as compared with levels before initial vaccination; corresponding GMFRs 12 months after initial vaccination were 4.1 to 5.0 and 2.6 to 4.1. GMFRs 1 month after revaccination vs levels before revaccination were 1.4 to 2.3 and 1.4 to 2.2 for 18- to 49-year-olds and 65- to 85-year-olds. Peak GMTs after revaccination were lower than those after initial vaccination. GMTs 12 months after initial vaccination and revaccination were similar, with GMFRs ranging from 0.7 to 1.6. No safety signals occurred.

CONCLUSIONS: RSVpreF revaccination was immunogenic and well tolerated among adults.

Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03529773 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

First Page

e905

Last Page

e916

DOI

10.1093/infdis/jiae185

Volume

230

Issue

4

Publication Date

10-16-2024

Publisher

University of Chicago Press

Medical Subject Headings

Humans; Middle Aged; Adult; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; Male; Female; Aged; Antibodies, Viral; Young Adult; Adolescent; Immunization, Secondary; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Aged, 80 and over; Vaccination; Viral Fusion Proteins

PubMed ID

38606958

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