Rates of Medically Attended RSV among US Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Department

Infectious Diseases

Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Background: Adult respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines are in late stages of development. A comprehensive synthesis of adult RSV burden is needed to inform public health decision-making.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the incidence of medically-attended RSV (MA-RSV) among US adults. We also identified studies reporting nasopharyngeal (NP) or nasal swab RT-PCR results with paired serology (four-fold-rise) or sputum (RT-PCR) to calculate RSV detection ratios quantifying improved diagnostic yield after adding a second specimen type (ie, serology or sputum).

Results: We identified 14 studies with 15 unique MA-RSV incidence estimates, all based on NP or nasal swab RT-PCR testing alone. Pooled annual RSV-associated incidence per 100,000 adults ≥ 65 years of age was 178 (95%CI: 152‒204; n = 8 estimates) hospitalizations (4 prospective studies: 189; 4 model-based studies: 157), 133 (95%CI: 0‒319, n = 2) emergency department (ED) admissions, and 1519 (95%CI: 1109‒1929, n = 3) outpatient visits. Based on 6 studies, RSV detection was ∼1.5 times higher when adding paired serology or sputum. After adjustment for this increased yield, annual RSV-associated rates per 100,000 adults ≥ 65 years were 267 hospitalizations (UI: 228‒306) (prospective: 282; model-based: 236), 200 ED admissions (UI: 0‒478), and 2278 outpatient visits (UI: 1663‒2893). Persons < 65 years with chronic medical conditions were 1.2−28 times more likely to be hospitalized for RSV depending on risk condition.

Conclusions: The true burden of RSV has been underestimated and is significant among older adults and individuals with chronic medical conditions. A highly effective adult RSV vaccine would have substantial public-health impact.

First Page

ofac300

DOI

10.1093/ofid/ofac300

Volume

9

Issue

7

Publication Date

6-17-2022

PubMed ID

35873302

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